Empire
March 24, 2025

What It Takes To Build In Crypto | Stani Kulechov & Jack O'Holleran

This Empire podcast features Stani Kulechov, founder of Aave, and Jack O'Holleran, founder of Hscale, discussing the unique challenges and opportunities of building in the crypto space. The conversation explores the complexities of tokenomics, fundraising strategies, and the importance of community engagement.

Founder Challenges in Crypto

  • "It takes a lot. Building any company is really difficult, and I would say especially when you think about our space and crypto blockchain. A lot of this technology is very novel, and there's a lot to build purely from an infrastructure perspective." - Stani Kulechov
  • "Crypto is actually three companies if you’re starting something Web3 blockchain…It's almost like a financial entity that is laden with legal challenges…and then you have this marketing engine that’s almost like running a rock band." - Jack O’Holleran
  • Building crypto companies requires navigating novel technology, long time horizons, and decentralized communities, adding layers of complexity to traditional startup challenges.
  • Crypto projects often involve managing three distinct entities: the core product, the tokenomics/financial entity, and the community/marketing engine.
  • Founders must balance long-term vision with the short-term, narrative-driven nature of the crypto market, requiring emotional resilience and adaptable communication strategies.

Tokenomics: Double-Edged Sword

  • "When the market's up, when the prices are up, when the community is happy, it is a powerful tool. Everyone frankly works for the token in these decentralized systems…but then when the opposite is true in terms of market, you get the other side of the sword." - Jack O'Holleran
  • "A token is a really valuable tool to actually distribute governance power and ownership of something that shouldn’t be relying on one single entity." - Stani Kulechov
  • Tokens can be powerful tools for incentivizing community participation and decentralizing governance, but they can also create distractions and added pressure, especially in volatile market conditions.
  • Founders need to prepare for the downside of tokenization, including employee demotivation during market downturns and the complexities of community governance.
  • Balancing the benefits of decentralization with the need for control is a key challenge for crypto founders.

Fundraising Strategies in the Age of AI

  • "I saw someone the other day…they posted they’re like a Layer 1 should not have raised more than four or $50 million because you can’t really spend more than that in any meaningful way." - Jack O'Holleran
  • "What actually is more interesting is what is the audience that you’re raising [from]…do you want the investors to be…Venture Capital…or actually people who really want to live in the future that you're building?" - Stani Kulechov
  • The rise of AI tools may reduce the capital requirements for building crypto projects, potentially leading to smaller, more efficient fundraising rounds.
  • Raising excessive capital can create unnecessary pressure and inefficiency, while lower valuations offer more flexibility for growth.
  • Founders should carefully consider the source of their funding, balancing the value of traditional VC due diligence with the potential of community fundraising to foster alignment and engagement.

Key Takeaways:

  • Building in crypto presents unique challenges related to novel tech, tokenomics, and community dynamics.
  • Successful founders must balance long-term vision with the fast-paced, narrative-driven nature of the market.
  • Capital efficiency is becoming increasingly important, with community fundraising offering a powerful alternative to traditional VC rounds.

Actionable Insights:

  • Crypto founders face a triple threat: building the product, managing tokenomics, and running a community like a rock band. Buckle up.
  • Tokens can be a blessing and a curse. Nail the community aspect and you’ve got a rocket. Mess it up and it’s a dumpster fire.
  • Raise smart, not big. Find investors who get it, not just those who write checks. Community rounds might be your secret weapon.

For further insights and detailed discussions, watch the full podcast: Link

This episode explores the complexities of founder mode in crypto, contrasting it with traditional tech startups, and highlights the unique challenges and opportunities presented by tokens, community engagement, and fundraising in this evolving space.

Founding in Crypto: A Unique Challenge

  • Stani Kulechov, founder of Aave and Lens, kicks off the discussion by emphasizing the novelty and complexity of building in the crypto space. He highlights the long-term horizons and dependencies inherent in decentralized communities.
  • Kulechov shares his personal journey, starting from experimenting with financial smart contracts in his dorm room to iterating through products like ETHLend before finding success with Aave's pooled liquidity model.
  • "My kind of curse is always that I've never been able to achieve anything really good at least in the beginning in the sense that I have to iterate with the product uh quite frequently."

Web2 vs. Crypto: The Three-Company Challenge

  • Jack O'Holleran, founder of SKALE, contrasts his decade of experience building Web2 AI/ML SaaS platforms with the unique "three-company" challenge of crypto startups.
  • He describes crypto startups as encompassing a traditional company, a tokenized financial entity with legal and governance complexities, and a community-driven marketing engine akin to a "rock band."
  • O'Holleran's perspective, based on his transition from Web2 to Web3, highlights the multifaceted nature of crypto entrepreneurship.

The Token Dilemma: Easier or Harder?

  • The discussion shifts to the impact of tokens on a founder's journey, with Kulechov and O'Holleran debating whether tokens simplify or complicate the process.
  • Kulechov argues that tokens can be a distraction, especially without protocol-market fit, but are valuable tools for distributing governance and ownership in decentralized systems.
  • He emphasizes the importance of decentralization for trustless financial systems, but warns against launching tokens prematurely.

Double-Edged Swords and Founder Advice

  • O'Holleran advises new founders to understand the "double-edged sword" nature of crypto, where positive aspects like tokens and decentralization can have negative consequences.
  • "Crypto is a world of double-edged Swords okay and I think the more you understand that the the more you can get ahead of the other side of the sword."
  • He stresses the need for emotional readiness, communication plans, and adaptability to navigate market fluctuations and community feedback.
  • Kulechov adds the importance of focus amidst the distractions of the crypto space, urging founders to trust their vision and stay committed to their goals.

Applying Investor Insights to Building

  • Santiago Santos, now building a crypto company after years as an investor, shares his perspective on the overlap between founding and investing.
  • He emphasizes the shared goal of inspiring people and bringing out their best, whether through a clear vision or leading by example.
  • Santos highlights the challenges of building in the open and the importance of attracting talent aligned with the mission.

Balancing Long-Term Vision with Short-Term Narratives

  • The conversation addresses the challenge of balancing long-term visions with the short-term, narrative-driven nature of the crypto market.
  • Kulechov emphasizes the value of community feedback in building resilient protocols, while acknowledging the noise and difficulty in discerning valuable opinions.
  • O'Holleran describes crypto as "two separate animals," requiring both fundamental execution and a strong community presence.

Fundraising in the AI Era: How Much is Enough?

  • The discussion turns to fundraising, with O'Holleran and Kulechov questioning the need for mega-rounds in the era of AI-driven efficiency.
  • O'Holleran suggests that layer-one projects might not need more than $40-50 million, advocating for a more practical approach to capital allocation.
  • Kulechov highlights the potential for automation and efficiency in blockchain, reducing the need for large teams and massive funding rounds.

Choosing the Right Investors: Beyond Capital

  • Santos emphasizes the importance of selecting investors who understand the space and can provide valuable guidance, beyond just capital.
  • He shares his experience of choosing a lead investor based on their challenging questions and ability to contribute to the team.
  • Kulechov warns against the potential for low-quality projects to attract community funding, highlighting the role of VCs in due diligence.

Reflective and Strategic Conclusion:

The episode underscores the evolving nature of crypto entrepreneurship, emphasizing strategic fundraising, community engagement, and the balance between long-term vision and short-term market dynamics. Crypto AI investors and researchers should prioritize adaptable strategies, discerning valuable feedback, and understanding the "double-edged sword" dynamics of this unique space.

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