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May 14, 2025

The Mistakes Crypto Is Repeating from the Tech Boom

Darius, founder of Vertex Protocol, joins blocmates to dissect crypto's historical echoes, the art of survival in a brutal market, and the shifting tectonic plates of blockchain infrastructure, offering a dose of hard-won wisdom from the trenches.

Déjà Vu: Crypto's Tech Boom Replay

  • "People always think, 'Oh, this time is different,' right? And whilst sometimes it genuinely is different... ultimately it's just [ __ ] Tulip Mania and it's exactly the same as something that happened 300 years ago."
  • "I look at that period of that tech boom and actually I think there's a lot of echoes of that in like where crypto is right now... 2020 and 21 was sort of our tech boom the golden age... It was very much a Pets.com era."
  • History Rhymes, Loudly: The crypto bull run of 2020-2021 is compared to the dot-com bubble's "golden age," where hype often outpaced substance, birthing numerous "Pets.com" equivalents.
  • Optimism Overload: The pervasive "this time is different" syndrome blinds many to historical precedents, setting the stage for familiar boom-and-bust cycles.
  • Juice Extraction: Speculative events like pump.fun are seen as having siphoned capital that might have fueled a broader, more sustainable altcoin season, fast-forwarding to a market correction.

The 'Cockroach Protocol' Playbook: Surviving Crypto Winters

  • "If you go into crypto, you're in the optimism industry... And where I think most people go wrong... they fail to allow for like worst-case scenario."
  • "In trading... you spend all day worrying about the downside... your priority is minimize the downside, 'cause if you stop yourself getting run over, eventually you'll make money. And I brought that same mentality to Vertex."
  • Downside First: Vertex Protocol's resilience (earning it the internal moniker "cockroach protocol") stems from a trading-derived obsession with minimizing downside risk, a stark contrast to the sector's prevailing optimism.
  • Calculated Pessimism: Most crypto projects fail by not adequately preparing for worst-case scenarios, blinded by the industry's inherent "unreasonable optimism."
  • Endurance Pays: Protecting capital and surviving downturns is paramount; profits eventually follow if a project avoids fatal blows.

Market Headwinds & The Consolidation Wave

  • "VC money is like drying up, right? So I predict that the like returns while valuations sit where they are, you're going to need to see valuation compression because VC just can't get the return that they got before."
  • "Retail has been constricted by regulation really. It's hard to get money into crypto... Less retail money in, less VC money in valuation rewrite, runway constriction."
  • Funding Squeeze: Venture capital is becoming scarcer, forcing a need for "valuation compression" as VCs can no longer expect previous high returns.
  • Retail Roadblocks: Regulatory friction makes crypto onboarding cumbersome for retail (e.g., a one-hour bank clearance for a £1,000 Bitcoin purchase), stifling new capital inflows.
  • M&A Incoming: The confluence of shrinking VC and retail investment, plus tightening runways, is expected to trigger a significant wave of mergers, acquisitions, and takeovers, despite complexities with tokens and corporate structures.

The Interoperability Frontier & Smart Infrastructure

  • "The idea he [Andre from Sonic] put over was like, look, why would you build an app chain where you got to put all the effort into building infra... We could just be an app on Sonic and we'll give you 90% of the benefit of being the app chain with zero of the hassle."
  • Chain Proliferation Pain: The explosion of L1s and L2s has fragmented users, making interoperability an unavoidable reality rather than a niche concern.
  • App-Chain Evolution: Platforms like Sonic are emerging, offering projects (like Vertex, which is building on it) the benefits of an app chain (e.g., comprehensive fee monetization) without the heavy lifting of building and maintaining independent infrastructure.
  • Embrace Reality: Vertex's strategy is to engage with the multi-chain world and contribute to interoperability solutions, rather than resisting the trend of user and liquidity disaggregation.

Key Takeaways:

  • Crypto markets are echoing past speculative bubbles, demanding a shift from blind optimism to strategic resilience. The landscape is tightening, favoring well-capitalized, risk-aware projects and driving consolidation.
  • Brace for Impact (and M&A): Expect valuation haircuts and a rise in crypto M&A as funding tightens and runways shorten.
  • Prioritize Survival: Projects that, like Vertex, obsess over downside protection are better positioned than those fueled by pure optimism.
  • Infrastructure Smarts: Innovative platforms like Sonic, simplifying app-chain deployment and revenue sharing, represent a key evolution in building sustainable on-chain applications.

For further insights from this podcast, visit: Link

This episode reveals how a seasoned trader's risk-averse mindset can navigate crypto's volatile cycles, drawing crucial parallels to the tech boom's lessons for building sustainable projects in emerging sectors like Crypto AI.

Introducing Vertex Protocol and its Founder

  • Mark Chapman introduces Darius, a founder of Vertex Protocol.
  • Darius provides a concise overview of Vertex: a perps DEX (Perpetual Decentralized Exchange)—a platform for trading derivative contracts without an expiry date—that also offers spot trading and an integrated money market for lending and borrowing crypto assets.
  • Vertex is currently live across nine different chains, with ambitions to expand to 25 in the year 2025.
  • Darius notes, "We generally volume wise we're like anywhere from number two to number five depending on the day," highlighting Vertex's competitive position in the DeFi space.

The "Cockroach Protocol": Surviving Crypto's Gauntlet

  • Darius attributes Vertex's resilience and survival, humorously termed the "cockroach protocol," to a foundational trading mindset focused on risk management.
  • He explains that the crypto industry is an "optimism industry," where participants are often "unreasonably optimistic" and fail to plan for worst-case scenarios.
  • Drawing from his background in options trading, Darius emphasizes, "You spend all day worrying about the downside... if you stop yourself getting run over, eventually you'll make money." This contrasts sharply with the prevailing sentiment in crypto.
  • Strategic Implication for Crypto AI: For Crypto AI investors and researchers, this underscores the importance of rigorous risk assessment and downside protection in a field prone to hype cycles, rather than relying solely on optimistic projections.

Market Cycles: Echoes of the Tech Boom in Crypto

  • Darius draws a compelling analogy between the current crypto market and the tech boom of the 1990s, warning against the "this time is different" fallacy.
  • He recounts his personal experience trading during the tech boom, "I rode an account from £1,000 up to about £50,000 and then back to zero," illustrating the boom-and-bust cycle.
  • The period of 2020-2021 in crypto is likened to the "pets.com era" of the tech boom: a time of speculative frenzy where "you could just launch any old [ __ ] and it would go up."
  • Actionable Insight: Investors should be wary of projects lacking fundamental value, similar to how many dot-com companies failed despite the internet's eventual triumph. This caution is particularly relevant for the nascent Crypto AI space, where distinguishing genuine innovation from hype is critical.

Predictions: Valuation Compression, M&A, and Retail Headwinds

  • Darius predicts a period of "valuation compression" in the crypto market. This is driven by drying up VC (Venture Capital)—funding from firms for early-stage companies—and increased friction for retail investors due to regulatory hurdles making it difficult to move money into crypto.
  • He anticipates a rise in M&A (Mergers and Acquisitions) activity as projects with dwindling runways seek consolidation, despite the complexities of token-based economies and diverse corporate structures.
  • Darius also suggests that platforms like pump.fun have "extracted all of the juice that would have gone into alts out of the market," potentially dampening a broader altcoin (any cryptocurrency other than Bitcoin) season.
  • Strategic Implication for Crypto AI: Crypto AI projects may face a tougher funding environment. Consolidation could become a theme, with stronger, well-capitalized projects potentially acquiring talent or technology from those struggling, mirroring trends in other maturing tech sectors.

Sonic's Innovative Fee Monetization Model

  • Darius expresses strong approval for Sonic's fee monetization model, which he initially found complex but ultimately very clever after a detailed explanation from Andre (presumably from the Sonic team).
  • The core innovation is that projects building on Sonic, like an app chain (a blockchain dedicated to a specific application), receive fees from all contract interactions related to their application, including token contracts and LP (liquidity provision) contracts, not just deployment.
  • Darius highlights the compelling argument: "We could just be an app on Sonic and we'll give you 90% of the benefit of being the app chain with zero of the hassle." Vertex is already building a project on Sonic due to this attractive proposition.
  • Relevance for Crypto AI Researchers: This model presents an interesting infrastructural choice for deploying resource-intensive Crypto AI applications, potentially offering economic advantages and reduced operational burden compared to building a standalone app chain.

The Multi-Chain Future: Embracing Interoperability

  • Addressing the proliferation of L1s (Layer 1 blockchains like Ethereum) and L2s (Layer 2 scaling solutions), Darius takes a pragmatic stance: "It doesn't really matter what I think, it's happening."
  • He acknowledges that the increasing number of chains leads to user disaggregation and diffuse communities, making it necessary to "go to them and bring them together."
  • Vertex's strategy is to embrace interoperability—the ability of different blockchains to communicate and share data/value—and be "part of the solution rather than crying about the problem."
  • Strategic Implication for Crypto AI: As Crypto AI ecosystems develop, they will likely span multiple chains. Projects focusing on interoperability and cross-chain solutions will be better positioned to access a wider user base and leverage diverse technological capabilities.

Conclusion: Navigating Crypto's Future with Pragmatism

This discussion underscores that surviving and thriving in crypto, much like in previous tech cycles, demands a pragmatic, risk-aware approach over blind optimism. For Crypto AI investors and researchers, this means prioritizing sustainable models, robust infrastructure, and being prepared for market consolidation and evolving funding landscapes.

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