Unchained
December 18, 2025

Solana’s Big Upgrade, Aave’s Civil War & the Problem With Token Value: Uneasy Money

Crypto's foundational promises of decentralization and transparent ownership are colliding with the messy realities of human incentives and regulatory ambiguity. Recent events, from Aave's internal strife to Axelar's team acquisition, expose a critical disconnect: token holders often lack clear, enforceable rights, creating systemic risks and hindering legitimate innovation.

The DAO Dilemma: Ownership, Accountability, and Misaligned Incentives

  • “The token holders own the thing, but this comes down to a question of rights. If the token holders own the thing, do they have a right to all revenue, or can people who are not necessarily aligned with the token holders monetize the IP via front end and keep that money for themselves?”
  • Aave's Internal Conflict: A Labs, the development entity, directed fees from a Cow Swap integration to itself, not the Aave DAO. This sparked a "civil war" over who owns the protocol's IP and revenue. Imagine a company's R&D team selling a product built with corporate funds and keeping the profits, bypassing shareholders.
  • Axelar's Acquisition Fallout: Circle acquired Interop Labs, Axelar's core development team and IP, but left the AXL token and network behind. The token dropped 15%. This is like a startup's founders selling their talent and tech to a larger firm, leaving original investors with shares in a hollowed-out entity.
  • Regulatory Uncertainty's Cost: The SEC's vague enforcement approach forced projects to obscure token rights, creating a legal vacuum. This lack of clarity makes it difficult to define and enforce accountability for token holders.
  • DAO Inefficiency: DAOs are "notoriously inefficient" for agile product development, especially for consumer-facing applications. Rapid innovation struggles when every decision requires broad, slow consensus.

The Illusion of Token Value: Mind Share vs. Rights & Revenue

  • “I think all tokens are a proxy of mind share. If you index them for anything else, I think it's a big fat giant mistake.”
  • Mind Share as Value: Many tokens derive value from brand recognition, community, and speculative narratives, not direct claims on revenue or equity. This is akin to a meme stock whose price is driven by social media sentiment rather than underlying financials.
  • Trader-Investor Paradox: A significant portion of crypto liquidity comes from quantitative traders who, when markets turn, demand investor-like rights despite their short-term speculative intent.
  • The Speculative Ceiling: Explicitly granting equity-like rights could cap speculative upside, transforming a high-growth, narrative-driven asset into a more traditional, valuation-constrained security.
  • Delisting as Accountability: Centralized exchanges could enforce token holder rights by delisting projects where teams abandon the token or network for separate acquisitions, creating a market-driven deterrent.

Security & Scams: The Human Element and Systemic Vulnerabilities

  • “If someone tells you that it's unhackable, run so fast.”
  • "Unhackable" is a Myth: Claims of "unhackable" languages (e.g., Move) are dangerous. No system is truly impervious to attack.
  • Social Engineering's Sophistication: North Korean hackers increasingly use compromised Telegram accounts and advanced social engineering to trick users into running malware. They leverage prior conversation history to disarm victims.
  • Session Key Hijacking: Hackers steal session keys, allowing them to regain access even after password changes. Users must "terminate all sessions" in Telegram settings to fully secure accounts.
  • Transparency in ADLs: Centralized exchanges lack transparency regarding Auto-Deleveraging (ADL) mechanisms and insurance fund usage, creating uncertainty for market makers and users.

Key Takeaways:

  • Clarity is King: The industry needs clearer, legally defensible definitions of token holder rights and revenue accrual to build trust and sustainable value.
  • Builder/Investor Note: Builders should prioritize explicit tokenomics and robust governance. Investors must scrutinize token rights beyond speculative narratives and be hyper-vigilant against social engineering scams.
  • The "So What?": The next 6-12 months will test which projects can evolve beyond ambiguous structures to deliver tangible value and accountability, separating sustainable innovation from speculative chaos.

Podcast Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abvBKiVAcEY

Aave's governance implosion and Axelar's acquisition expose a fundamental flaw in token value accrual: holders often possess no formal rights, challenging the very premise of decentralized ownership.

Aave's Civil War: The Battle for Protocol Ownership

  • A governance debate erupted within the Aave ecosystem, pitting Aave Labs against the Aave DAO over fee revenue and intellectual property (IP) ownership. A deal with CowSwap, a decentralized exchange (DEX), directed integration fees to Aave Labs, diverging from a previous ParaSwap deal where fees went to the Aave DAO.
  • Mark Zeller, an Aave Chan Initiative (ACI) member, labeled the fee diversion a "potential breach of alignment" and a "diversion of 10% of the DAO income."
  • A token holder proposed a "poison pill," seeking to seize Aave Labs' IP, trademarks, and equity to convert it into a DAO-controlled entity, citing a pattern of unilateral monetization.
  • Aave founder Stani Kulechov asserted Aave Labs' right to monetize its own front-end, clarifying that prior revenue contributions to the DAO were voluntary donations.
  • Luca Netz argues, "Dows are notoriously inefficient," hindering rapid development, especially for consumer-facing applications like Aave's mobile app.
  • Stani Kulechov stated, "A Labs is entitled to monetize its own front end. This is our front end. We built it."

The Axelar Acquisition: Token Value Without Rights

  • Circle's acquisition of Interop Labs, the core development team and IP behind the Axelar cross-chain protocol, starkly highlighted the disconnect between token value and holder rights. Circle acquired the team and IP but explicitly excluded the AXL token and its network.
  • The AXL token price dropped 15% as markets recognized the lack of direct benefit to token holders from the acquisition.
  • The Axelar network is now expected to continue independently under community governance, effectively orphaned by its founding team.
  • Kane Warrick asserts that the high market capitalization of tokens often makes full acquisitions (including tokens) economically unfeasible for acquirers.
  • Guy observes a consistent pattern across recent crypto M&A: "factually if you own the token, you don't actually really actually have the rights."
  • Luca Netz states, "It's not We call it alignment, but it's actually not aligned or creating alignment in a lot of cases."

Solana Firedancer & Client Diversity Challenges

  • Jump Crypto's Firedancer, a new validator client for Solana, has been released, introducing a critical discussion on client diversity and network performance. While Firedancer promises significant speed improvements, its integration into the existing Solana mainnet presents challenges.
  • Solana faces the same client diversity debates Ethereum experienced, balancing performance gains with network resilience.
  • The upcoming Fogo chain, built exclusively on the Firedancer client, could create tension within the Solana ecosystem due to its pure Firedancer dependency versus Solana's backward compatibility requirements.
  • Kane Warrick notes the historical precedent of Ethereum's transition from Proof-of-Work to Proof-of-Stake, where multiple client teams competed, raising questions about Solana Foundation's role in incentivizing or mandating client adoption.
  • Kane Warrick notes, "This is my my favorite thing about Salana is how they get to like have the same fights that Ethereum did like but like three years later or four years later."

North Korean Telegram Scams: Evolving Social Engineering Threats

  • Seal Team 911, a volunteer security organization, warns of a significant resurgence in North Korean crypto scams, now primarily leveraging compromised Telegram accounts for sophisticated social engineering attacks. These attacks exploit prior conversation history and user trust.
  • Hackers compromise existing Telegram accounts, then initiate conversations with targets, often former acquaintances, to propose Zoom calls.
  • The scam's objective is to trick users into running malicious software (often AppleScript on Macs) that silently compromises their machines and steals session keys.
  • Tay Monahan emphasizes the danger of session key theft: even changing passwords does not revoke access, requiring users to "terminate all sessions" in Telegram settings.
  • Tay Monahan warns, "The likelihood that you would detect that red flag as being like wait Nick wouldn't ask me to get on Zoom the likelihood just is infinitely lower because you actually have the conversation history."

Perpetual Futures & Prediction Market Leverage: Mitigating ADL Risks

  • The discussion shifts to market structure, specifically Auto-Deleveraging (ADL) in perpetual futures and the emergence of leveraged positions on Polymarket. Guy from Athena proposes solutions for improving ADL mechanisms.
  • Guy clarifies that Athena avoids ADL (Auto-Deleveraging, a mechanism where profitable traders' positions are reduced to cover losses from bankrupt accounts) by trading only BTC and ETH on major centralized exchanges without leverage, where ADL events are historically rare.
  • He proposes user-selectable ADL priority, allowing traders to opt into being deleveraged first (e.g., for strategic exits near market bottoms) or last.
  • Increased transparency around insurance fund usage and ADL queue positioning (similar to BitMEX's historical "meter") would provide market makers with crucial information, improving liquidity during volatile events.
  • Guy suggests, "putting it on the user to just like select and click and say I would actually this is where I would like to sit within the waterfall."

MetaMask's Bitcoin Integration & Accelerated Development

  • MetaMask has integrated native Bitcoin support, a significant development for the popular Ethereum wallet. This move signals a broader effort to reduce technical debt and accelerate feature rollout.
  • The integration allows users to acquire and manage Bitcoin directly within MetaMask, streamlining cross-chain interactions.
  • Tay Monahan highlights the immense effort invested in paying down years of technical debt, positioning MetaMask for faster innovation.
  • Tay Monahan states, "We've gotten so much better and we've also paid down years of tech debt, which took an immense amount of effort from every single engineer on our team."

Investor & Researcher Alpha

  • The fundamental problem of undefined token holder rights creates significant investment risk and regulatory uncertainty. The Axelar acquisition demonstrates that core teams can exit, leaving token holders with no claim on IP or future revenue.
  • Researchers should focus on developing standardized legal frameworks or on-chain mechanisms that explicitly define token rights and team obligations, moving beyond vague "mind share" value propositions.
  • The rise of sophisticated social engineering scams underscores the critical need for robust security education and protocol-level protections against session hijacking.
  • Market makers and traders should demand greater transparency in ADL mechanisms and insurance fund management to mitigate systemic risk and improve liquidity during extreme volatility.

Strategic Conclusion

  • The crypto industry faces a critical juncture where the nebulous nature of token value and ownership clashes with real-world M&A and governance. Defining clear, enforceable rights for token holders and establishing transparent accountability for founding teams is the essential next step to mature the ecosystem and foster sustainable innovation.

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